- a, as in father.
- ‘a, an initially exploded a.
- ă, as in what, or as o in not.
- ‘ă, an initially exploded ă.
- ä, as in hat.
- c, as sh in she. See ṡ.
- ɔ, a medial sh, a sonant-surd.
- ć (Dakota letter), as ch in church.
- ç, as th in thin.
- ɔ̉, a medial ç, sonant-surd.
- c̷ as th in the.
- e, as in they.
- ‘e, an initially exploded e.
- ĕ, as in get.
- ‘ĕ, an initially exploded ĕ.
- g, as in go.
- ġ (in Dakota), gh. See x.
- ɥ (in Osage), an h after a pure or nasalized vowel, expelled through the mouth with the lips wide apart.
- ḣ (in Dakota), kh, etc. See q.
- i, as in machine.
- ‘i, an initially exploded i.
- ĭ, as in pin.
- j, as z in azure, or as j in the French Jacques.
- ʞ, a medial k, a sonant-surd.
- kʼ, an exploded k. See next letter.
- ḳ (in Dakota), an exploded k.
- ɯ (in Kansa), a medial m, a sound between m and b.
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- ŋ (in Dakota), after a vowel has the sound of n in the French bon. See ⁿ.
- ñ, as ng in sing.
- hn, its initial sound is expelled from the nostrils and is scarcely heard.
- o, as in no.
- ‘o, an initially exploded o.
- d, a medial b or p, a sonant-surd.
- pʼ, an exploded p.
- q, as German ch in ach. See ḣ.
-
 , a medial z or s, a sonant-surd.
- ṡ (in Dakota), as sh in she. See c.
- ʇ, a medial d or t, a sonant-surd.
- tʼ, an exploded t.
- u, as oo in tool.
- ‘u, an initially exploded u.
- ŭ, as oo in foot.
- u̱, a sound between o and n.
- ü, as in German kühl, süss.
- x, gh, or nearly the Arabic ghain. See ġ.
- z (in Dakota), as z in azure. See j.
- dj, as j in judge.
- tc, as ch in church. See ć.
- tc', an exploded tc.
- ʇɔ, a medial tc, a sonant-surd.
- tsʼ, an exploded ts.
- ʇ, a medial ts, a sonant-surd.
- ai, as in aisle.
- au, as ow in how.
- yu, as u in tune, or ew in few.
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